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IF condition { GOTO lineNumTrue | THEN [ lineNumTrue | BEGIN ] } [ statementT ] [ : statementT ] ... [ statementT : ] ... BEND [ junk1 ] [ : ELSE [ lineNumFalse | BEGIN ] [ statementF ] [ : statementF ] ... [ statementF : ] ... BEND [ junk2 ] ]
Program formatting. Allow conditional clause(s) to span multiple program lines.
Although the syntax shown above is rather complex, BEND is very simple. It should appear at the end of any conditional clause (the statment(s) after THEN or ELSE) which started with the BEGIN keyword. So it is very similar to RETURN which ends a subroutine (but the stack isn't normally used). The BEGIN/BEND surround the clause(s) to allow conditional statements to span multiple lines. Without BEGIN/BEND, the entire IF/THEN/ELSE construct must fit on a single line. In BASIC versions prior to 7.0 (i.e., with no BEGIN/BEND), there were two (or three) alternatives when a clause had too many statements to fit on a single line:
Failure to include BEND will silently succeed when IF happens to be processing the clause that includes a lonely BEGIN; but when IF processes the opposite case, you will generate a BEND NOT FOUND ERROR. Err, kind of hard to explain in words, so see the examples below! * The selected command/statement must be valid for the current Interpreter mode (Direct Mode or Run Mode, per the current state of the BASIC Interpreter). The BEND at the end of the THEN clause (i.e., before an ELSE, if any) may be followed by any junk characters except a colon (:). This is because BEND is implemented using the code of DATA (although no values following BEND can be READ), in otherwords, BEND acts like REM, but another statment may appear on the line (REM does not allow that). Anyway, at the end of a THEN clause, BASIC will check what (if anything) follows the colon after BEND (it is looking for ELSE). The BEND at the end of an ELSE clause is effectively just like REM because BASIC will not search for another colon (:), but in general simply continue with the next line in the program. Thus junk2 may be any sequence of characters, in general. Note however that with nested IF/THEN/ELSE, BASIC may still be searching for a BEND after this one is found. In which case junk2 should not include the keywords BEGIN/BEND. BEGIN/BEND allows real nesting of IF/THEN/ELSE statments (it is broken otherwise, see ELSE). Beware that BASIC does not impose any limits on the depth of nesting which can cause the system to mysteriously crash. In detail, when BEGIN is found while BEND is being sought, BASIC will recursively call "find BEND" which uses 2 bytes of the CPU stack but no test is ever made to see if space is available on the CPU stack. ** Using BEND like a command or statement (instead of an IF/THEN/ELSE preposition) will act like REM. This serves little purpose other than making lame jokes or code obfusication. Example 1:
Example 2 is for BASIC v1.0 and v2.x which lack ELSE and BEING/BEND:
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